Dolmabahçe Palace Museum: Atatürk's Majestic Residence

Standing regally along the Bosphorus shoreline, Dolmabahçe Palace signifies the evolving identity of the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century. Its construction, which commenced on June 13, 1843, culminated on June 7, 1856, presenting a structure that spans 110 thousand square meters, graced with unrivaled Bosphorus views. Nestled in the Beşiktaş coastal area, the palace's location once played a crucial role in maritime activities, acting as a refuge for ships since antiquity. Both the Byzantine rulers recognized its strategic importance, erecting royal edifices in its proximity.

Dolmabahçe Palace: A Tapestry of History and Elegance

Dolmabahçe Palace stands as a testament to historical significance combined with stunning architectural prowess. Within its walls lie invaluable treasures, including pristine crystal artifacts, intricate carpets, ornate tile stoves, and more. The palace not only encapsulates a pivotal cultural transition but also offers insights into the lifestyles and traditions of its era."

"The adjacent coastal region, historically a docking area for naval vessels and a venue for maritime ceremonies, acquired the name 'Dolmabahçe,' signifying 'filled up from the coast,' after land reclamation efforts in the 16th century. While Topkapı Palace held the official residence title, the Dolmabahçe vicinity emerged as a sought-after locale, housing a private garden for the sultan and the royal family. Named the 'Sahil Palace,' this ensemble of mansions and pavilions underwent significant transformation in the 19th century, mirroring the empire's broader modernization and renewal aspirations. Consequently, the Dolmabahçe Palace, currently Istanbul's third-largest palace, was conceived, replacing the existing edifices.

The Beşiktaş coastline and its environs have perennially held allure, especially during the Ottoman era. While the 19th century marked its significance as an administrative hub, the Ottomans' fascination with the region can be traced back to even earlier periods. From the late 15th to the early 16th century, this area saw the construction of majestic mansions, sprawling gardens, and opulent palaces, exclusively for the sultans. After Istanbul's conquest, this very shoreline served as the final assembly point for the Ottoman Navy before setting sail. Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent commissioned the construction of a summer palace on the hill overlooking the Beşiktaş Garden."

"The region's oldest Ottoman structure was erected during the reign of Bayezid II. Though comprehensive details about this mansion remain scanty, the sultans' growing interest in this locale is undeniable, particularly by the 17th century. This attention is further evidenced by the profusion of structures linked to the palace and the iconic Tiled Kiosk – one of the primary edifices of the Beşiktaş Coast Palace. Sultan Ahmed I's fondness for the gardens and mansions amplified the royal family's attachment to the area. He initiated the filling of the gulf stretching to Levent Farm, establishing a private garden for the sultan. Following this land reclamation, the area was christened 'dolma-bakhce'.

Sahil Palace: A Testament to Ottoman Grandeur

Spanning from the 17th to the late 18th century, the Sahil Palace is a compilation of architectural marvels that underwent continual expansions and transformations. Commissioned by Sultan Selim III, it soon stood as Istanbul's second most imposing palace, surpassed only by the renowned Topkapı Palace, the sultanate's primary administrative seat. However, the Beşiktaş Sahil Palace was not deemed apt for extended stays, prompting Sultan Selim III to order renovations. His successor, Sultan Mahmud II, also favored spending time at the Beşiktaş Sahil Palace, though he designated Topkapı Palace as his formal residence and administrative nucleus.

After the reign of Sultan Mahmud II, Sultan Abdülmecid envisioned a transformation for the Coastal Palace, aligning it with contemporary needs and facilitating extended stays. This vision led to the decision to raze the palace and erect the Dolmabahçe Palace in its stead. Construction commenced on June 13, 1843, and by 1856, Sultan Abdülmecid had relocated from Topkapı Palace, making Dolmabahçe Palace the new heart of the Ottoman Empire. This historic residence not only served as the empire's nerve center but also hosted Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey. He resided here sporadically between 1927-1938, conducting official duties, and it's here that he breathed his last.

Dolmabahçe Palace Gardens: A Confluence of History and European Elegance

Dolmabahçe Palace, ranked third in size among Ottoman-era palaces in Istanbul, is celebrated not just for its pivotal architecture but also for its captivating gardens. Prior to the palace's construction, the marshy expanse between Hasbahçe (Sultan's Garden) and Kabataş Karabali Gardens underwent land reclamation in the 17th century. This transformation not only gave birth to sprawling gardens but also inspired the palace's name. Historically, this 'filled garden', or 'dolma-bağçe', has always been a hub for horticulture. Initially a private garden, it later served as the dynasty's residence."

"The gardens of Dolmabahçe Palace exude a distinct European flair, both in layout and design. The geometric patterns, ornamental ponds, vases, sculptures, and lanterns are all indicative of European influence. The contributions of renowned European horticulturists like German Sester, Fritz Venze, and Koch Münika further accentuate this. The palace's gardens are segmented into four main areas: Hasbahçe (Selamlık), Kuşluk, Harem, and Crown Garden, each reflecting the purpose of the adjacent structures. A meticulous selection of plants from Asia, Europe, and America was curated for these gardens, aiming to establish a stunning botanical array.